1、UIGestureRecognizer 介紹
  手勢識別在 iOS 中非常重要,他極大地提高了移動設備的使用便捷性。
  iOS 系統在 3.2 以后,他提供了一些常用的手勢(UIGestureRecognizer 的子類),開發者可以直接使用他們進行手勢操作。
  UIPanGestureRecognizer(拖動)
  UIPinchGestureRecognizer(捏合)
  UIRotationGestureRecognizer(旋轉)
  UITapGestureRecognizer(點按)
  UILongPressGestureRecognizer(長按)
  UISwipeGestureRecognizer(輕掃)
  另外,可以通過繼承 UIGestureRecognizer 類,實現自定義手勢(手勢識別器類)。
  PS:自定義手勢時,需要 #import <UIKit/UIGestureRecognizerSubclass.h>

,一般需實現如下方法:

1 - (void)reset;
2 
3 - (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event;
4 - (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event;
5 - (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event;
6 - (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event;
7 //以上方法在分類 UIGestureRecognizer (UIGestureRecognizerProtected) 中聲明,更多方法聲明請自行查看

  UIGestureRecognizer 的繼承關系如下:
 

 

  2、手勢狀態
  在六種手勢識別中,只有一種手勢是離散型手勢,他是 UITapGestureRecognizer。
  離散型手勢的特點是:一旦識別無法取消,而且只會調用一次手勢操作事件(初始化手勢時指定的回調方法)。
  換句話說其他五種手勢是連續型手勢,而連續型手勢的特點是:會多次調用手勢操作事件,而且在連續手勢識別后可以取消手勢。從下圖可以看出兩者調用操作事件的次數是不同的:

  手勢狀態枚舉如下:

1 typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, UIGestureRecognizerState) {
2     UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible,   // 尚未識別是何種手勢操作(但可能已經觸發了觸摸事件),默認狀態
3     UIGestureRecognizerStateBegan,      // 手勢已經開始,此時已經被識別,但是這個過程中可能發生變化,手勢操作尚未完成
4     UIGestureRecognizerStateChanged,    // 手勢狀態發生轉變
5     UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded,      // 手勢識別操作完成(此時已經松開手指)
6     UIGestureRecognizerStateCancelled,  // 手勢被取消,恢復到默認狀態
7     UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed,     // 手勢識別失敗,恢復到默認狀態
8     UIGestureRecognizerStateRecognized = UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded // 手勢識別完成,同UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded
9 };

  對于離散型手勢 UITapGestureRecgnizer 要么被識別,要么失敗,點按(假設點按次數設置為1,并且沒有添加長按手勢)下去一次不松開則此時什么也不會發生,松開手指立即識別并調用操作事件,并且狀態為3(已完成)。
  但是連續型手勢要復雜一些,拿旋轉手勢來說,如果兩個手指點下去不做任何操作,此時并不能識別手勢(因為我們還沒旋轉)但是其實已經觸發了觸摸開始事件,此時處于狀態0;如果此時旋轉會被識別,也會調用對應的操作事件,同時狀態變成1(手勢開始),但是狀態1只有一瞬間;緊接著狀態變為2(因為我們的旋轉需要持續一會),并且重復調用操作事件(如果在事件中打印狀態會重復打印2);松開手指,此時狀態變為3,并調用1次操作事件。
  3、使用手勢的步驟
  使用手勢很簡單,分為三步:
  創建手勢識別器對象實例。創建時,指定一個回調方法,當手勢開始,改變、或結束時,執行回調方法。
  設置手勢識別器對象實例的相關屬性(可選部分)
  添加到需要識別的 View 中。每個手勢只對應一個 View,當屏幕觸摸在 View 的邊界內時,如果手勢和預定的一樣,那會執行回調方法。
  PS:一個手勢只能對應一個 View,但是一個 View 可以有多個手勢。建議在真機上測試這些手勢,模擬器操作不太方便,可能導致認為手勢失效的情況。(模擬器測試捏合和旋轉手勢時,按住 option 鍵,再用觸摸板或鼠標操作)
  4、舉例說明
  功能描述:
  附加到兩個圖片視圖 UIImageView 的有『拖動』、『捏合』、『旋轉』、『點按』;
  而『輕掃』和『自定義手勢 KMGestureRecognizer』附加在根視圖 UIView 中。
  拖動:進行當前圖片視圖位置移動
  捏合:進行當前圖片視圖縮放
  旋轉:進行當前圖片視圖角度旋轉
  點按:雙擊恢復當前圖片視圖的縮放、角度旋轉、不透明度
  長按:設置當前圖片視圖的不透明度為0.7
  輕掃:左右輕掃設置兩個圖片視圖為居中,同時以垂直居中的特定偏移量定位
  自定義手勢:撓癢功能,左右掃動共3次或以上,設置兩個圖片視圖為居中,同時以水平居中的特定偏移量定位
  效果如下:

  KMGestureRecognizer.h

 1 #import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
 2 
 3 typedef NS_ENUM(NSUInteger, Direction) {
 4     DirectionUnknown,
 5     DirectionLeft,
 6     DirectionRight
 7 };
 8 
 9 @interface KMGestureRecognizer : UIGestureRecognizer
10 @property (assign, nonatomic) NSUInteger tickleCount; //撓癢次數
11 @property (assign, nonatomic) CGPoint currentTickleStart; //當前撓癢開始坐標位置
12 @property (assign, nonatomic) Direction lastDirection; //后一次撓癢方向
13 
14 @end

  KMGestureRecognizer.m

 1 #import "KMGestureRecognizer.h"
 2 #import <UIKit/UIGestureRecognizerSubclass.h>
 3 
 4 @implementation KMGestureRecognizer
 5 #define kMinTickleSpacing 20.0
 6 #define kMaxTickleCount 3
 7 
 8 - (void)reset {
 9     _tickleCount = 0;
10     _currentTickleStart = CGPointZero;
11     _lastDirection = DirectionUnknown;
12     
13     if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible) {
14         self.state = UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed;
15     }
16 }
17 
18 - (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
19     UITouch *touch = [touches anyObject];
20     _currentTickleStart = [touch locationInView:self.view]; //設置當前撓癢開始坐標位置
21 }
22 
23 - (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
24     //『當前撓癢開始坐標位置』和『移動后坐標位置』進行 X 軸值比較,得到是向左還是向右移動
25     UITouch *touch = [touches anyObject];
26     CGPoint tickleEnd = [touch locationInView:self.view];
27     CGFloat tickleSpacing = tickleEnd.x - _currentTickleStart.x;
28     Direction currentDirection = tickleSpacing < 0 ? DirectionLeft : DirectionRight;
29     
30     //移動的 X 軸間距值是否符合要求,足夠大
31     if (ABS(tickleSpacing) >= kMinTickleSpacing) {
32         //判斷是否有三次不同方向的動作,如果有則手勢結束,將執行回調方法
33         if (_lastDirection == DirectionUnknown ||
34             (_lastDirection == DirectionLeft && currentDirection == DirectionRight) ||
35             (_lastDirection == DirectionRight && currentDirection == DirectionLeft)) {
36             _tickleCount++;
37             _currentTickleStart = tickleEnd;
38             _lastDirection = currentDirection;
39             
40             if (_tickleCount >= kMaxTickleCount && self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible) {
41                 self.state = UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded;
42                 //NSLog(@"自定義手勢成功,將執行回調方法");
43             }
44         }
45     }
46 }
47 
48 - (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
49     [self reset];
50 }
51 
52 - (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
53     [self reset];
54 }
55 
56 @end

 

  ViewController.h

 

1 #import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
2 #import "KMGestureRecognizer.h"
3 
4 @interface ViewController : UIViewController
5 @property (strong, nonatomic) UIImageView *imgV;
6 @property (strong, nonatomic) UIImageView *imgV2;
7 @property (strong, nonatomic) KMGestureRecognizer *customGestureRecognizer;
8 
9 @end

  ViewController.m
 

  1 #import "ViewController.h"
  2 
  3 @interface ViewController ()
  4 - (void)handlePan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer *)recognizer;
  5 - (void)handlePinch:(UIPinchGestureRecognizer *)recognizer;
  6 - (void)handleRotation:(UIRotationGestureRecognizer *)recognizer;
  7 - (void)handleTap:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)recognizer;
  8 - (void)handleLongPress:(UILongPressGestureRecognizer *)recognizer;
  9 - (void)handleSwipe:(UISwipeGestureRecognizer *)recognizer;
 10 - (void)handleCustomGestureRecognizer:(KMGestureRecognizer *)recognizer;
 11 
 12 - (void)bindPan:(UIImageView *)imgVCustom;
 13 - (void)bindPinch:(UIImageView *)imgVCustom;
 14 - (void)bindRotation:(UIImageView *)imgVCustom;
 15 - (void)bindTap:(UIImageView *)imgVCustom;
 16 - (void)bindLongPress:(UIImageView *)imgVCustom;
 17 - (void)bindSwipe;
 18 - (void)bingCustomGestureRecognizer;
 19 - (void)layoutUI;
 20 @end
 21 
 22 @implementation ViewController
 23 
 24 - (void)viewDidLoad {
 25     [super viewDidLoad];
 26     
 27     [self layoutUI];
 28 }
 29 
 30 - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
 31     [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
 32     // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
 33 }
 34 
 35 #pragma mark - 處理手勢操作
 36 /**
 37  *  處理拖動手勢
 38  *
 39  *  @param recognizer 拖動手勢識別器對象實例
 40  */
 41 - (void)handlePan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer *)recognizer {
 42     //視圖前置操作
 43     [recognizer.view.superview bringSubviewToFront:recognizer.view];
 44     
 45     CGPoint center = recognizer.view.center;
 46     CGFloat cornerRadius = recognizer.view.frame.size.width / 2;
 47     CGPoint translation = [recognizer translationInView:self.view];
 48     //NSLog(@"%@", NSStringFromCGPoint(translation));
 49     recognizer.view.center = CGPointMake(center.x + translation.x, center.y + translation.y);
 50     [recognizer setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:self.view];
 51     
 52     if (recognizer.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded) {
 53         //計算速度向量的長度,當他小于200時,滑行會很短
 54         CGPoint velocity = [recognizer velocityInView:self.view];
 55         CGFloat magnitude = sqrtf((velocity.x * velocity.x) + (velocity.y * velocity.y));
 56         CGFloat slideMult = magnitude / 200;
 57         //NSLog(@"magnitude: %f, slideMult: %f", magnitude, slideMult); //e.g. 397.973175, slideMult: 1.989866
 58         
 59         //基于速度和速度因素計算一個終點
 60         float slideFactor = 0.1 * slideMult;
 61         CGPoint finalPoint = CGPointMake(center.x + (velocity.x * slideFactor),
 62                                          center.y + (velocity.y * slideFactor));
 63         //限制。踓ornerRadius]和大邊界值[self.view.bounds.size.width - cornerRadius],以免拖動出屏幕界限
 64         finalPoint.x = MIN(MAX(finalPoint.x, cornerRadius),
 65                            self.view.bounds.size.width - cornerRadius);
 66         finalPoint.y = MIN(MAX(finalPoint.y, cornerRadius),
 67                            self.view.bounds.size.height - cornerRadius);
 68